We
saw how floods in rivers during rainy season help replenish ground
water level in my last post. This flooding was causing much loss of
cattle and property. To avoid that and so hold water government
planners made plans to build dams on all, important rivers in
Maharashtra State. As we know out of water that comes by rain, 80%
falls on mountain area and only 20% in plain area. This 20% rain will
not provide enough water to replenish ground water level. Even though
lakes (They are called Shet tali in Maharashtra) are built to hold
it. As a result, we see today that gradually water level fell lower
and the quality of water deteriorated.
Moreover,
as we know we cannot undo these massive dams and so some arrangement
to find via media method to get that dam water so that rivers will
keep flowing through out the years.
During
rainy season dams will collect water and store it but as the season
ends doors of dams should be opened, just enough, so that some water
will continue to keep flowing in the river trough.
In
addition to that, check dams are built throughout the length of the
river. Check dams are small dams to hold free flowing water in the
trough so that some quantity is retained in that portion of the
riverbed. These small dams are of about four feet height and touch
both sides of the riverbed. Spanning so that, if a sizable width
provided we can have it as a bridge. Therefore, that it can work as a
contacting between the two sides of the river. Between two
consecutive check dams, water will be stored. As more water comes, it
will overflow and begin to fill next trough of the next check dam. In
this way through out the bed of that river we shall hold enough water
to help continue replenishment of ground water.
Check
dams will be deep enough to provide a good foundation to the dam.
That means, the lower end of the foundation will be resting on the
rock. Generally, that foundation will be at least 20 feet deep under
ground. Such check dams will be built at distance of about ten
kilometers. That means the bed is divided in parts, each of ten
kilometers. When one sees that riverbed will notice that, there is
water throughout the length of that river. This stored water will
cater to the needs of people living on that river.
There
are many other advantages of this arrangement. Because dam doors are
opened slightly to allow water to seep out on regular basis; along
with water silt that generally collects and reduces storing capacity
of dam is removed along with that flowing water and drops in the
riverbed. As this happens on regular basis, storing capacity of dam
improves and so useful life of the dam maintained. Other advantage is
that water stored within two adjacent check dams will cater to
fishing activity and that will provide for some earning to the
villagers. Such check dams will hold any rainwater that will take
place in the area and store it for the benefit of the local people.
Such arrangement will improve open wells in the surrounding areas of
that place.
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