Continued
from the previous post –
During
the rule of these three Rashiduns, Arab Empire grew phenomenally.
Even though actual Arab population was not much, due to new policy of
converting non-Arabs to Islam before recruiting those in the Arab
Army that was called Islamic Army had worked well. They were
Araemeans, Assyrians, Somalians, Egyptians, Turks and Persian slaves
who were converted and then recruited in that army. The strategy of
first converting them to Islam had brought about a certain feeling of
belonging amongst these newly converted people. They fought well and
finally their common enemies, the Sassanid rulers of Persia were
vanquished completely. They gave Arabs a place of superiority in that
region. Even though the true fight was done by these non-Arabs, the
credit for having vanquished Sassanid went to only Arabs and their
religion, Islam.
As
the time passed, the policy of giving top positions only to true
Arabs became evident. Positions of power and money were exclusively
given to Arabs and ordinary places where they matter less were given
to these non-Arabs. This irked many of these newly converted
non-Arabs but they could not do much. However, as the Empire expanded
more, more positions of power and money were created and in them,
some of these non-Arabs were adjusted. As that happened many of these
non-Arabs expected to marry Arab girls. This irked Arabs and it hurt
them on their nerves. Arabs always looked to them as their inferiors
and decided to call them as Mawalis and not Muslims. This is how the
first schism took place amongst the Muslim community. These converted
did not want to be called Mawalis as that was a derogatory term,
meaning a slave or servant. This created conflicting situation in the
Mediterranean region.
These
Mawalis were not Arabic speaking people they had their respective
languages. They never used Arabic excepting during religious
ceremonies. Even though Arabs refused to give their women to these
people, Arabs enjoyed marrying women of these people. This fancy was
not taken lightly by these Mawalis and it began to create disturbance
in the Empire. Most of these Mawalis were more culturally enlightened
and they were observing that Arabs are copying them and improving the
Arab ethos. They were not accepting anything of Arabs, as being very
crude and uncouth in every respect. Most were aware why they accepted
this religion of Arabs and so they began to introduce their ethic
cultural changes in what was called purely Arabic. Arabs did not like
this but there was no way to stop it.
This
was happening during the period of Umayyad dynasty. If no proper
action is taken that, would crumble down the so-called Arabic
superiority over these Mawalis and that could have become very
suicidal for Arab future and Arab identity. At that time one caliph
introduced the concept of Arabization of these non-Arab converts.
Arabization
means to make these non-Arabs to discontinue their traditional ethnic
specialties such as their languages, dresses, cultural rituals,
customs and ethnic habits and to accept in place of them Arab
replacements. At extreme level, Arabs wanted them to even forget
their true ancestors and accept Arabs as their ancestors. They were
expected to forget their history and their great people! Here we see
that it was second type of conversion of these people to Arab
choices. Arabization became the demand by the rulers and gradually
most of the Araemeans, Assyrians, Somalians, and Egyptians accepted
that change and so Arabs were successful in converting them second
time. Today we see that Arab region has all people speak Arabic and
practice only Arab habits as if they were clones of Arabs.
Continues
in the next post -
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